The terse plurality opinion did make comments about the. In the aftermath of Hickey, the legislature amended CPL 690.35 in 1992 to broaden the choice of courts empowered to issue search warrants (L 1992, ch 815, 816).The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures. The Fourth Amendment has a strong preference for warrants. Probable cause is a Fourth Amendment requirement that usually must be met before the police make an arrest, conduct a search, or receive a warrant. Under the 4th Amendment, the Constitution states that an individual is to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures in their homes and on their persons. In this session, students will examine the historical context and the drafting of the Fourth Amendment. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated. United States Court of Appeals,Second Circuit. UNITED STATES of America, Appellant, v.