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If a PFO exists, a little blood can flow between the atria through the flaps. This flow is not normal. The condition is most important because it raises the risk for stroke. Blood clots can travel from the right atrium to the left atrium and out to blood vessels of the body.
If you have a patent foramen ovale and had a stroke, your provider may refer you to a doctor trained in brain and nervous system conditions. This type of provider is called a neurologist.
At present, randomized data regarding PFO closure for ischemic events are limited to patients under the age of 60 or 65 years after a cerebral ischemic event with no findable putative cause other than the PFO 28. As a consequence, PFO closure is exclusively recommended for such patients in all guidelines.
A healthcare provider may recommend a PFO closure procedure if: You've had a transient ischemic attack (TIA) more than once. You've had cryptogenic (from an unknown cause) strokes more than once. You have a low level of oxygen in your blood.
Most PFOs require no treatment. People who have no risk factors for stroke or any history of traveling blood clots usually do not get treatment. Your healthcare provider may want to treat your PFO if you have had problems from these traveling blood clots, like stroke. In these cases, treatment for PFOs varies.
PFO was found in 25 to 30 percent of individuals in an autopsy study and in a community-based transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) study 4,5.
Can PFO get worse? Generally speaking, a PFO doesn't change as patients age. But other changes in the heart and the circulation may change the pressures in the heart on each side of the flap, leading to more frequent opening of the flap and wider opening of the flap.
Having a PFO as an adult or older child is not normal. But it occurs in many people. It may be slightly more common in younger adults compared with older adults.
PFO is common, presenting in about one in four people. But more than 95% of those with the condition will never find out, as most don't suffer PFO symptoms or health issues. Heart specialists don't often need to diagnose or treat PFO in healthy patients.