14th Amendment Applies To In Washington
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No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
In Washington, the amendment process must begin in the state legislature. Once an amendment has passed with a two-thirds majority in both the House and Senate, the people of the state must vote in favor of it. You can read more about this process in Article XXIII, Section 1 of the Washington State Constitution.
No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state ...
Instead, the Supreme Court established the right to travel based on its interpretation of several constitutional provisions. For example, Article IV of the U.S. Constitution states, in part: “The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States...”
Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.
The three states that rejected the Amendment before later ratifying it were Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. The two states that ratified the Amendment and later sought to rescind their ratifications were New Jersey and Ohio.
The Fourteenth Amendment only applies to actions by state governments (state actions), not private actions. Consider, for example, Obergefell, which involved the fundamental right to marry. Some state laws interfered with that right.
Fourteenth Amendment, Section 1: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.
A major provision of the 14th Amendment was to grant citizenship to “All persons born or naturalized in the United States,” thereby granting citizenship to formerly enslaved people.
The right to due process of law and equal protection of the law now applied to both the federal and state governments. On June 16, 1866, the House Joint Resolution proposing the 14th Amendment to the Constitution was submitted to the states.
