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Fourth Amendment For Probable Cause In Michigan
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The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to ...
There are four categories into which evidence may fall in establishing probable cause. These include observational, circumstantial, expertise, and information: Observational evidence is based on what the officer sees, smells, or hears.
Wesby, the United States Supreme Court observed that probable cause requires only a probability or substantial chance of criminal activity, not an actual showing of any criminal behaviors.
(2) For the purposes of this part, "probable cause" or "probable cause to believe" is present on the part of a peace officer if there are facts that would induce any fair-minded person of average intelligence and judgment to believe that a law or statute had been violated or was being violated contrary to any of the ...
1 Page 2 CALIFORNIA CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION 2 The Required Probability Probable cause: It is often assumed that probable cause requires about a 51% probability because anything less would not be statistically “probable.” Although the Supreme Court has refused to assign a probability percentage (because it views probable ...
Some courts and scholars have suggested probable cause could, in some circumstances, allow for a fact to be established as true to a standard of less than 51%, but as of August 2019, the United States Supreme Court has never ruled that the quantification of probable cause is anything less than 51%.
So the victim's statement is one piece of evidence that will be considered in determining whether there is enough evidence, or probable cause, for law enforcement to make an arrest of the offender. The victim's statement could be compelling enough for an arrest.
For example, the officer may have been called to a store after reports of a shopper acting suspiciously. If the accused is threatening to rob the store or is in clear possession of a firearm, this would give the officer the required probable cause to make an arrest.
