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The California Alien Land Law of 1913 (also known as the Webb–Haney Act) prohibited "aliens ineligible for citizenship" from owning agricultural land or possessing long-term leases over it, but permitted leases lasting up to three years.
On , California enacted the Alien Land Law, designed to deny Japanese families their foothold in America by denying them the right to own land.
In 1913, Japanese residents made up just 2% of California's 2.5 million people. On , California enacted the Alien Land Law, designed to deny Japanese families their foothold in America by denying them the right to own land.
The Alien Land Law enacted in 1913 held that aliens ineligible for citizenship — which included all Asians — could not own land in California.
The Harada case, for example, is assumed to have been a factor in passage of the 1920 version of the California Alien Land Law that barred immigrant parents from using the loophole that Jukichi Harada had used by purchasing property in his minor children's names.
The Alien Land Law didn't specify Japanese immigrants; it barred “aliens ineligible for citizenship” from owning land or leasing it for more than three years. But thanks to previous immigration laws, “aliens ineligible for citizenship” in that era meant Asian immigrants.
On , California enacted the Alien Land Law, which barred Asian immigrants from owning or leasing land.
The Equal Protection Clause requires the government to have a valid reason for any law or official action that treats similarly-situated people or groups of people differently.
No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.