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Despite the bargain price of roughly two cents an acre, the Alaskan purchase was ridiculed in Congress and in the press as ?Seward's Folly,? ?Seward's icebox,? and President Andrew Johnson's ?polar bear garden.?
Defeat in the Crimean War further reduced Russian interest in this region. Russia offered to sell Alaska to the United States in 1859, believing the United States would off-set the designs of Russia's greatest rival in the Pacific, Great Britain.
In Alaska, the Americans foresaw a potential for gold, fur and fisheries, as well as more trade with China and Japan. The Americans worried that England might try to establish a presence in the territory, and the acquisition of Alaska ? it was believed ? would help the U.S. become a Pacific power.
On March 30, 1867, the United States reached an agreement to purchase Alaska from Russia for a price of $7.2 million. The Treaty with Russia was negotiated and signed by Secretary of State William Seward and Russian Minister to the United States Edouard de Stoeckl.
During the Cold War, Americans called Alaska the "Guardian of the North" and "Top Cover for America? because it was the first line of defense. The U.S. military realized Alaska's strategic value during the era's early years. The shortest and most likely route of attack from the Soviet Union was through Alaska.