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However, in 25 percent of babies, this small hole fails to close resulting in a condition called a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Most children with this heart defect never experience symptoms. But in some cases, a PFO can cause breathing problems when the child enters adulthood.
The results of our review suggest that despite the higher risk of stroke in patients with PFO, a majority of women after PFO-related stroke can successfully give birth to healthy infants.
A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is an opening between the upper two chambers of the heart that doesn't close as it should, usually six to 12 months after birth. A PFO usually causes no problems.
People with symptomatic or large PFOs may benefit from a procedure to close the hole. Specialists in our Interventional Cardiology Program use a long, flexible tube (catheter) to insert a closure device in the hole. This device closes the PFO and prevents blood flow between the left and right atria.
A bubble study is a noninvasive test that lets healthcare providers look at the flow of blood through the heart. It is done as part of a medical imaging study called an echocardiogram (echo) that shows the heart's structure. A bubble study is also known as an agitated saline contrast study.