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The footnote/endnote begins with the same superscript number as the one that appears in the paper and is followed by a period. Footnotes/endnotes always include a specific page number or numbers where the cited information can be found. The first footnote/endnote to a source provides the full publishing information.

Paraphrasing. When you write information or ideas from a source in your own words, cite the source by adding a footnote number at the end of the paraphrased portion. The footnote number should be in superscript, and be placed after any punctuation, like this: ?This is a paraphrase.

And in a References page located at the end of your paper. When you quote or paraphrase, include the author's name and the page number where the quote/paraphrase appears in the original text. This information is placed in parentheses.

A footnote is a reference, explanation, or comment1 placed below the main text on a printed page. Footnotes are identified in the text by a numeral or a symbol. In research papers and reports, footnotes commonly acknowledge the sources of facts and quotations that appear in the text.

They should be placed after any punctuation marks except for the dash. Footnotes/endnotes begin with 1 and are numbered consecutively throughout the entire essay. You can use MS Word or other software to create footnotes and endnotes.

Whether a source is quoted directly or indirectly, paraphrased or summarised, it must be acknowledged with a footnote or endnote. To do otherwise is plagiarism. Notes should include the minimum information necessary for a reader to find and consult your source.

Yes, you can abbreviate the subsequent citations of the source. If the subsequent citation is in the footnote immediately following the full citation, you can use 'ibid'. Used alone, 'ibid' means 'in the very same place' ? in other words, the same source and the same page or paragraph as the preceding full citation.

Footnotes should be numbered consecutively in the order they appear throughout your paper. Each note should have a unique number; don't use the same number again even if you cite the same source repeatedly. Footnote numbers are usually placed at the end of the relevant clause or sentence.