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Abbreviations should only be used if the organization or term appears two or more times in the text. Spell out the full term at its first mention, indicate its abbreviation in parenthesis and use the abbreviation from then on, with the exception of acronyms that would be familiar to most readers, such as MCC and USAID.

The first time you mention a phrase that can be abbreviated, spell it out in full and provide the abbreviation in parentheses. Use only the abbreviation thereafter. Only abbreviate phrases that occur three or more times in your paper. Avoid abbreviations in titles, headings, the abstract, and the reference section.

You definitely can use abbreviations in academic writing if you keep the following rules in mind! Spell out the full phrase or term the first time you use it in your paper and include the abbreviation in parentheses. You can use the abbreviation each time after that. Don't abbreviate everything.

Always list the author's surname before listing his or her initials. You only need to provide initials for the first and middle names, but do include initials for all middle names provided by the source. Include a comma after every last name and in-between different authors' names. Include a period after every initial.

Your paper should include a list of abbreviations at the beginning of each of the following segments: heading, abstract, text, and figure/table legends. A common rule of thumb is to write all non-standard abbreviations in their entirety on their first appearance both in abstracts and papers themselves.

In-text reference Include each first author's initial(s) in all citations. Do this for the first author only when there are multiple authors in a single reference.

While abbreviations are perfectly acceptable in the text of your paper, they should be avoided in your abstract as much as possible. Avoid contractions. Contractions in English are considered informal, and should therefore generally be avoided in academic writing. Minimize the use of latin abbreviations.

RSVP ? Please reply. As with so much of English, this comes from French. ... ASAP ? As soon as possible. ... AM/PM ? Before midday (morning) and after midday (afternoon) ... LMK ? Let me know. ... BRB ? Be right back. ... DOB ? Date of birth. ... CC/BCC ? Carbon copy/blind carbon copy. ... TBA/TBC- To be announced/To be confirmed.