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Anaximander (died c. 546 BCE) is credited with having created one of the first maps of the world, which was circular in form and showed the known lands of the world grouped around the Aegean Sea at the center. This was all surrounded by the ocean.

One of the earliest recorded maps was uncovered in 1963, dating back as far as 6000 BC, but ancient Greek civilization helped develop cartography into both an art and a science. During this time, those who studied geography recognized that the earth was round and attempted to calculate its circumference.

A good title should provide some detail about the map's content without being too wordy or descriptive. Map titles often include all or some of the following components: the subject of the map, the year, the spatial extent, the mapping resolution, and the data source.

James Rennell, (born Dec. 3, 1742, Chudleigh, Devon, Eng. ?died March 29, 1830, London), the leading British geographer of his time. Rennell constructed the first nearly accurate map of India and published A Bengal Atlas (1779), a work important for British strategic and administrative interests.

TopoView 2.1 is a modern web application built on an open source mapping platform that is free of charge. The highly interactive service provides tools and procedures that allow users to easily find historic map scans from USGS's Historical Topographic Map Collection and even compare those with modern day maps.

One of the earliest surviving representations of the Indian peninsula is in the Tabula Peutingeriana, a 12th Century version of a Roman map from the 4th Century CE detailing circuits through Europe, the Far East, and South Asia.

Maps are valuable primary source materials, because they don't just show a geographic location "as it was". They show how that location was seen and interpreted by the mapmaker.

One of the oldest surviving maps is, ironically, about the size and shape of an early iPhone: the Babylonian Map of the World. A clay tablet created around 700 to 500 B.C. in Mesopotamia, it depicts a circular Babylon at the center, bisected by the Euphrates River and surrounded by the ocean.