Vermont Jury Instruction - Character Evidence
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FAQ
Under Vermont Rule of Evidence 404(b), evidence concerning a defendant's prior crimes or wrongs is not admissible to prove the defendant possesses a certain character or propensity and ?acted in conformity therewith.? V.R.E. 404(b); State v. Cardinal, 155 Vt.
General rule. Character evidence is not admissible to prove conduct in civil cases. For example, a defendant cannot offer the testimony of friends (or her own testimony) that she is usually a very careful driver as circumstantial evidence she was probably driving carefully and not negligently on the day of an accident.
When evidence of a person's character or character trait is admissible, it may be proved by testimony about the person's reputation or by testimony in the form of an opinion. On cross-examination of the character witness, the court may allow an inquiry into relevant specific instances of the person's conduct.
An attorney can show jurors a witness is not credible by showing: 1) inconsistent statements, 2) reputation for untruthfulness, 3) defects in perception, 4) prior convictions that show dishonesty or untruthfulness, and 5) bias.
Impeachment by character evidence is the use of a personal trait to impair credibility. There are essentially four methods to impeach using character evidence: defects in perception, defects in recollection, felony convictions and past misconduct.
A party may challenge the credibility of a witness by showing that the witness's testimony is inconsistent with statements the witness made before the trial. (People v. Price (1991) 1 Cal. 4th 324, 474.)
During the trial, as a juror, you will hear a lot of talk about "evidence." Evidence is simply information - facts and observations about the matter at hand. But not all information is considered evidence, and not every piece of information may be allowed to be presented as part of a party's case.
Judge's Instructions on the Law Either before or after the closing arguments by the lawyers, the judge will explain the law that applies to the case to you. This is the judge's instruction to the jury. You have to apply that law to the facts, as you have heard them, in arriving at your verdict.