A trespass to personal property is t he use of someone's property without person. A conversion occurs when personal property is taken by a defendant and kept from its true owner without permission of the owner. Conversion is the civil side of the crime of theft. Demand and refusal are necessary for the maintenance of an action for conversion in all cases in which defendant was rightfully in possession.
Virginia Instruction to Jury that Demand for and Refusal of Possession is Prima Facia Evidence of Conversion
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How to fill out Instruction To Jury That Demand For And Refusal Of Possession Is Prima Facia Evidence Of Conversion?
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FAQ
If a judge tries the case, the judge's decision is called a judgment. If a jury tries the case, the jury's decision is called a verdict. In determining a defendant's guilt or innocence, the judge or jury can consider only the testimony of witnesses and any evidence properly admitted during the trial.
The grounds for granting a motion for a new trial include a significant error of law, verdict going against the weight of evidence, irregularity in the court proceeding, jury misconduct, newly discovered material evidence, and improper damages.
A trial court in a civil action may enter a judgment notwithstanding the jury's verdict where the verdict is ?contrary to the evidence, or is without evidence to support it.? Va. Code Ann. § 8.01- 430.
Motion for judgment non obstante veredicto after the jury returns a verdict. A trial court in a civil action may enter a judgment notwithstanding the jury's verdict where the verdict is ?contrary to the evidence, or is without evidence to support it.? Va. Code Ann. § 8.01- 430.
Before or after the closing arguments, the judge will explain the law that applies to the case. You must apply these instructions to the facts to arrive at your verdict. Keep in mind that you must follow the law as the judge states it to you, even if you disagree with it.
In summary, the clear and convincing standard is higher than the preponderance of the evidence standard but lower than the beyond a reasonable doubt standard. It requires a high level of certainty in the evidence presented, but not to the same extent as in criminal cases.
When a party has the burden of proving any claim [or affirmative defense] by a preponderance of the evidence, it means you must be persuaded by the evidence that the claim [or affirmative defense] is more probably true than not true.
A motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict (JNOV) is a motion asking the court to enter a judgment disregarding the verdict rendered by the jury. The motion argues that no reasonable jury could reach the verdict that the jury reached in the particular case.