8.25 Conspiracy-Liability for Substantive Offense Committed by Co-conspirator is a legal concept that holds that a person or persons may be held liable for a substantive criminal offense committed by a co-conspirator if they are found to be involved in a conspiracy to commit that same offense. This type of liability can be divided into two categories: (1) vicarious liability and (2) aiding and abetting liability. Vicarious liability is based on the theory that each member of a conspiracy is responsible for the actions of the other members. Under this theory, a conspirator can be found liable for any criminal offense, even if they did not directly participate in the commission of that offense. Aiding and abetting liability, on the other hand, requires a person to have directly and actively assisted in the commission of the substantive offense. This includes providing advice or assistance in furtherance of the crime, supplying materials or equipment, or providing money or other resources. A person who has aided and abetted a crime may be criminally responsible for the offense even if they are not present when the crime is committed. Under 8.25 Conspiracy-Liability for Substantive Offense Committed by Co-conspirator, a person can be held legally responsible for a criminal offense if they are found to be involved in a conspiracy to commit that same offense, regardless of whether they directly or actively participated in the commission of the offense.