Puerto Rico Farmout - Horizontal Wells
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FAQ
Horizontal wells are used in situations where the reservoir is abnormally shaped, or excavation is impossible. Horizontal drilling is preferred over vertical drilling due to its ability to access subsurface reservoirs that are not accessible from directly above.
Horizontal wells not only increase the exposure of pay zone but also help avoiding the gas and water coning problem by providing the less drawdown pressure. Other major applications of horizontal drilling are related to naturally fractured tight reservoirs, thin dry reservoirs, and less wells needed to develop a field.
Horizontal wells allow increased reservoir contact area, i.e., increased productivity over vertical wells. Horizontal wells may also reduce coning tendencies in reservoirs with bottom water or top gas because of a low pressure drawdown around the wellbore.
Advantages of horizontal wells Increased production rate because of the greater wellbore length exposed to the pay zone. Reduced pressure drop around the wellbore. Lower fluid velocities around the wellbore.
The two main advantages from horizontal wells are: a. more effective drainage of the reservoir (i.e. increased overall reserves recovery) b. reduced water and gas coning. The drainage of a reservoir is increased by horizontal drilling through increasing the amount of reservoir that is exposed to the wellbore.
At 5 years of age, horizontal wells in the Permian Basin and Williston Basin's Bakken Shale share average terminal decline rates of around 17%. The figure for wells of the same age in the Eagle Ford Shale is 23.5%. On average, it takes 8?10 years for these wells to fall below an annual decline threshold of 10%.
The process begins with the drilling of a long vertical or angled well that can extend a mile or more into the earth. As the well nears the rock formation where the natural gas or oil lies, drilling then gradually turns horizontal and extends as far as thousands of feet.
The length of the horizontal section, or lateral, can range from a few hundred feet to several miles. Hydraulically fractured horizontal wells have accounted for most of all new wells drilled and completed since late 2014.
