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The Fifth Amendment to the Constitution provides in part that ?nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life and limb.? This is referred to as the double jeopardy clause, and it protects an individual from being charged with, tried for, or convicted of the same crime twice.
Double jeopardy does not prevent multiple charges for the same crime from different jurisdictions. If a crime violated the laws of multiple states, then each state may press charges. Likewise, if a crime violated both state and federal law, then it would be allowable to have two criminal suits for the same crime.
Further, under double jeopardy law, if a defendant has already served their sentence, then they cannot be tried again, even with new evidence that would have increased the criminal punishment.
The Double Jeopardy Clause in the Fifth Amendment to the US Constitution prohibits anyone from being prosecuted twice for substantially the same crime.
The most basic understanding of double jeopardy is that it refers to prosecuting a person more than once for the same offense.
The clause provides that no person can be convicted twice of the same offense. Its basic concept is found in English common law, although some scholars suggest that the idea has its origins in Roman law. The effectiveness of the clause depends on whether two separate offenses can be considered to be the same offense.
Incorporation. Although the Fifth Amendment initially applied only to the federal government, the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that the double jeopardy clause applies to the states as well through incorporation by the Fourteenth Amendment.
In other words, the double jeopardy clause guarantees that there will be no prosecution after an acquittal for the same crime, no dual convictions for the same crime, and there are no multiple punishments for the same crime.