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Federal Rule of Evidence 408 provides security for parties by prohibiting settlement offers, or other statements made during settlement negotiations, from being admitted as evidence to prove the validity or amount of a claim in dispute.
While courts give an expansive reading to Rule 408, they generally find settlement agreements discoverable and admit them and certain settlement communications into evidence in a variety of unexpected situations.
When the purpose of communication is to achieve a settlement, it is generally considered privileged, promoting open dialogue. However, the case of Progressive Holdings Inc v. Crown Life Insurance Co., provides two exceptions to this rule. First, once an agreement is reached, there is no need for privilege to continue.
Evidence of conduct or statements made in compromise negotiations is likewise not admissible. This rule does not require the exclusion of any evidence otherwise discoverable merely because it is presented in the course of compromise negotiations.
Rule 408 as submitted by the Court reversed the tradi- tional rule. It would have brought statements of fact within the ban and made them, as well as an offer of settlement, inadmissible. The House amended the rule and would continue to make evidence of facts disclosed during compromise ne- gotiations admissible.
Some negotiations are more sensitive than others, so all parties should be clear at the outset about information that should be kept confidential. A confidentiality agreement (sometimes known as a non-disclosure agreement) should be signed before giving away any business sensitive information.
The Court first reiterated that settlement communications are not privileged. Instead, the inquiry must focus on California Code of Civil Procedure section 2017.010--i.e., whether the information is relevant or reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence. Id.
Confidentiality protection in settlement negotiations comes from Evidence Code Section 1152. Section 1152 states that evidence of a compromise or offer of compromise is inadmissible to prove liability for loss or damage. The protections of Section 1152 extend to conduct and statements made in negotiation of an offer.