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The high court also established what has come to be known as ?the actual malice rule.? This means that public officials suing for libel must prove by clear and convincing evidence that the speaker made the false statement with ?actual malice? ? defined as ?knowledge that it was false or with reckless disregard of ...
The communication has been published to a third person To be defamatory, the material has to be published (communicated by any means ? written, orally, pictorially) to at least one person other than the plaintiff. The intention of the publisher does not matter ? liability for defamation can arise from errors.
If a libel plaintiff is a public figure, he or she must prove, by clear and convincing evidence, that the defendant acted with actual malice in making the defamatory statement. If the plaintiff is a private figure, the First Amendment does not impose any restriction on the liability standards that states may adopt.
4th 551 (?A public official or a limited public figure must prove the defendant published defamatory statements about the plaintiff with actual malice, or, in other words, with knowledge of the statements' falsity or in reckless disregard of their truth or falsity.
The Supreme Court ruled that, for a public figure to recover damages in a defamation case, he must prove not only that the statement was defamatory but also that it was made with actual malice.
The high court also established what has come to be known as ?the actual malice rule.? This means that public officials suing for libel must prove by clear and convincing evidence that the speaker made the false statement with ?actual malice? ? defined as ?knowledge that it was false or with reckless disregard of ...
Also, we should make it clear that if a libelous statement is printed in a newspaper, the newspaper can be held liable even if the quote is coming from someone else and not the paper or a reporter. Why? Because while the newspaper did not make the statement, it published the statement.
The general rule is that a person who repeats or republishes a defamatory statement is subject to the same liability as if he/she had originally published the statement.