This guide provides an overview of DNA testing in criminal and paternity cases. Topics covered include the types of testing procedures, how DNA is obtained, how it may be used, and costs associated with the procedure.
This guide provides an overview of DNA testing in criminal and paternity cases. Topics covered include the types of testing procedures, how DNA is obtained, how it may be used, and costs associated with the procedure.
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Collect a large sample (when possible) with a clean sharp instrument. When collecting DNA samples with a swab use a clean cotton tipped swab (moistened with clean water if the stain is dry) and concentrate as much sample as possible onto the swab. If a large sample is available collect two swabs from the item.
DNA is contained in blood, semen, skin cells, tissue, organs, muscle, brain cells, bone, teeth, hair, saliva, mucus, perspiration, fingernails, urine, feces, etc.
Test Requirements: For the Father and Mother, A valid means of Identification from the lists: International Passport, Driver's license, voter's card, and National identity card. For the child: Either a birth certificate or notification of birth, and a passport photograph is required.
What other samples can be used for a discreet paternity test? Blood stains. Cigarette butts. Floss. Chewing gum. Licked envelopes. Used tissues.
The DNA testing process is comprised of four main steps, including extraction, quantitation, amplification, and capillary electrophoresis.
All cells in the body contain DNA. Therefore, samples of blood, hair or saliva (containing the body's own cells) are suitable for analysis. For paternity testing, saliva samples are usually used, as blood is more difficult to obtain and hair cannot always be clearly assigned.
Genetic tests are performed on a sample of blood, hair, skin, amniotic fluid (the fluid that surrounds a fetus during pregnancy), or other tissue. For example, a procedure called a buccal smear uses a small brush or cotton swab to collect a sample of cells from the inside surface of the cheek.
DNA can be collected from very small amounts of blood, mouth (cheek) scrapings, hair roots, or other samples. There are two kinds of DNA in the body: nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA. Both kinds of DNA can be used for DNA identification.