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Step 1: The lessee selects an asset that they require for a business. Step 2: The lessor, usually a finance company, purchases the asset. Step 3: The lessor and lessee enter into a legal contract in which the lessee will have use of the asset during the agreed upon lease.
Equipment leasing is a type of financing in which you rent equipment rather than purchase it outright. You can lease expensive equipment for your business, such as machinery, vehicles or computers.
The lessee records the leased right as an item of property, plant, and equipment, which is then depreciated over its useful life to the lessee. The lessee must also record a liability reflecting the obligation to make continuing payments under the lease agreement, similar to the accounting for a note payable.
Key TakeawaysCapital leases transfer ownership to the lessee while operating leases usually keep ownership with the lessor. For accounting purposes, short-term leases under 12 months in length are treated as expenses and longer-term leases are capitalized as assets.
Because they are both a form of lease, they have one thing in common. That is, the owner of the equipment (the lessor) provides to the user (the lessee) the authority to use the equipment and then returns it at the end of a set period.
Finance leases and capital leases: summaryYou won't own the asset at the end of the contract. Asset may or may not appear on balance sheet. Term is for most of the asset's useful life.
A lease will always have at least two parties: the lessor and the lessee. The lessor is the person or business that owns the equipment. The lessee is the person or business renting the equipment. The lessee will make payments to the lessor throughout the contract.
It is retained by the lessor during and after the lease term and cannot contain a bargain purchase option. The term is less than 75% of the asset's estimated economic life and the present value (PV) of lease payments is less than 90% of the asset's fair market value.
Key takeaway: With an operating lease, you have access to the equipment for a time but don't own it. The lease period tends to be shorter than the life of the equipment. With a finance lease, you own the equipment at the end of the term. Big companies typically use this type of lease.