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Saltwater, or produced water, is a byproduct of natural gas and oil production. This water is heavily polluted with salt, hydrocarbons, and industrial compounds, making it hazardous to the environment. A Saltwater Disposal Well (SWD) injects the saltwater deep into the ground.
How Saltwater Disposal Works. Saltwater is typically ejected from the wells into natural underground formations sealed within an impenetrable rock to prevent the saltwater from escaping into surrounding soil and groundwater.
Saltwater is often found in the same formations as oil because it was trapped in layers of sediment millions of years ago. For every barrel of oil produced, approximately 10 barrels of saltwater are also produced and require disposal.
Disposal wells inject saltwater into underground formations, often over a mile in depth, into sub-surface zones that already contain naturally occurring saltwater. In contrast, wells that supply fresh water can vary in depth throughout the state, but generally range from no deeper than a few hundred to a thousand feet.
Once finished, the salt water must be carefully discarded at a nearby salt water well disposal site or trucked to a well, which can be costly. A salt water disposal well is a deep disposal site created specifically for the salt water byproduct of oil and gas production.
A saltwater disposal (SWD) well is a disposal site for water collected as a byproduct of oil and gas production. Quite often when oil and gas are pumped out of the earth, they aren't pure enough for distribution. The oil and gas go through a separation phase or are treated with chemicals that extract the impurities.
A disposal well is often a depleted oil or gas well, into which waste fluids can be injected for safe disposal. A by-product of oil and gas production is water that was either trapped in the same deep formations, was injected to stimulate a formation (hydraulic fracturing), or was injected to enhance oil recovery.