A management reserve is a fund set aside by senior management to cover unforeseen risks that might occur during the project but were not initially identified in the project planning phase. It's typically a percentage of the overall project budget and is only used when significant changes or unanticipated events arise.
A reserve fund is a savings account or other highly liquid asset set aside by an individual or business to meet any future costs or financial obligations, especially those arising unexpectedly. If the fund is set up to meet the costs of scheduled upgrades, less liquid assets may be used.
Reserves are like savings accounts – an accumulation of funds for a future purpose. The source of funding for a reserve might be surpluses from operations, or scheduled transfers that have been planned and budgeted.
So how much should your HOA have on hand to address these inevitable repair and replacement costs? A good rule of thumb is for Reserves to be funded at 70% or higher of the property's calculated deterioration.
It is essentially a savings account for financial downturns, unexpected expenses, or strategic opportunities, and can avoid programme cuts and staff retrenchments. A reserve fund is invaluable should there be a delay in receiving funding committed to an organisation.
Except as provided below, all associations are required to prepare a reserve study at least once every three (3) years with a review to be conducted annually to determine if adjustments are necessary to the association's reserve account requirements. (Civ. Code §§ 5300(b), 5550(a).)
A reserve study provides a current estimate of the costs of repairing and replacing major common area components (such as roofs or pavement) over the long term. Ideally, all major repair and replacement costs will be covered by funds set aside by the association as reserves, so that funds are there when needed.
Reserve Studies Are Required All associations, regardless of size, must prepare a reserve study (Civ. Code § 5550) unless the total replacement costs are less than 50% of the gross budget of the association, excluding the association's reserve account for that period. (Civ. Code § 5550(a).)