A partition action is filed in the Court by submitting a “complaint” that complies with all of the requirements of the Code of Civil Procedure. In California, almost all of the partition actions are filed by attorneys on behalf of parties because there are a number of technical legal requirements for filing a lawsuit.
To demand a partition or division of the common property is in with Article 494 of the Civil Code, that is, no co-owner shall be obliged to remain in the co-ownership and that each co-owner may demand at any time partition of the thing owned in common insofar as his or her share is concerned.
The process of subdividing an improvement in the Philippines typically requires: A Deed of Partition or Agreement: A document that stipulates how the house or building will be subdivided among the landowners. If co-owners agree to physically partition the improvement, they can state their rights in this document.
A partition action can compel the sale of jointly owned property when co-owners disagree. The process may take up to two years, depending on case complexity and cooperation. Exploring alternatives like mediation before filing a partition action is often advisable.
Deed of Conveyance: Once an agreement is reached, a deed of conveyance, such as a Deed of Sale or a Deed of Donation, must be executed. This legal document will officially transfer the ownership or interest of the departing co-owner to the remaining co-owner(s) or to another designated party.
Under Philippine law, a co-owner can sell their undivided share in a co-owned property. This principle is grounded in the rules of co-ownership found in the Civil Code. Since heirs hold the property in common, each heir has a share that can be considered personal property in terms of interest.
Generally, courts divide the costs of partition among the parties in proportion to their ownership interests or in a different manner when necessary to ensure equitable distributions. (CCP § 874.040.)
Here is an overview on how a partition action will play out in court. The party who wishes to initiate the action (the “Plaintiff”) must file a verified complaint for partition. The court will first determine the ownership interests of each of the co-owners.