Under California law, separate property is property owned prior to marriage, or received during the marriage by gift or inheritance. Community property consists of other property acquired during marriage while domiciled in California.
Every co-owner of an interest in the property (no matter how small) must agree in order for a voluntary partition to occur. The remedy when agreement cannot be reached is for one or more of the co-owners to seek a court-ordered division by means of a partition suit.
Property acquired during the marriage (outside of the noted exceptions) is considered community property. The spouses can, however, agree to convert (or “transmute”) community property into separate property. In Texas, this is done via a written agreement establishing a partition or exchange between the parties.
A valid transmutation requires a writing, contained in an express declaration made, joined in, consented to, or accepted by the spouse whose interest is adversely affected. (Family Code section 852(a)).
Typically your community property is divided between you and your spouse in a divorce while separate property will not be shared and/or divided. With this in mind, if you and your spouse purchased a home during your marriage, the home will most likely be characterized as community property.
At any time, the spouses may partition or exchange between themselves all or part of their community property, then existing or to be acquired, as the spouses may desire. Property or a property interest transferred to a spouse by a partition or exchange agreement becomes that spouse's separate property.
A partition agreement may be an express statement that the right to partition is waived. It may also be evidenced by a right of first refusal where one co-tenant is required to offer the property for sale to another co-tenant as a condition precedent to an action for partition.
Exchange Agreements. Introduction. Parties enter into an Exchange Agreement in order to exchange tangible goods, intellectual property, real property or securities. An Exchange Agreement may arise from an independent business arrangement or be part of a merger, acquisition, reorganization or other business transaction.