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Homestead allowance. A decedent's surviving spouse is entitled to a homestead allowance of $22,500. If there is no surviving spouse, each minor child and each dependent child of the decedent is entitled to a homestead allowance amounting to $22,500 divided by the number of minor and dependent children of the decedent.
The Homestead Act, enacted during the Civil War in 1862, provided that any adult citizen, or intended citizen, who had never borne arms against the U.S. government could claim 160 acres of surveyed government land. Claimants were required to live on and “improve” their plot by cultivating the land.
The Exempt Property Allowance entitles the surviving spouse (or the surviving minor children, if there is no surviving spouse) of the decedent to select up to $20,000 worth of household furniture, automobiles, furnishings, appliances, and personal effects from the estate.
In recent years, some Montanans have placed their property in revocable trusts. If an owner has the title in sole ownership, the owner has the full $393,702 (2024) homestead exemption.
To be eligible to file for up to $393,702 equity protection in 2024 with a Montana Homestead Declaration, a person's subject property must be his/her primary residence. A “homestead” is the house or mobile home in which a person lives and the land on which it is erected.
The owner completes, signs, and has the Montana homestead declaration notarized. The owner then files the document in the office of the clerk and recorder in the county in which the home is located. If married, both spouses should sign the declaration and live on the property.
The Homestead Act of 1862 enabled thousands to claim land in Montana. This act offered 160 acres of public land to US citizens on the condition that they live on, cultivate, and improve it. They could then "prove up" and obtain a deed after five years. The first homestead claim was made near present-day Helena in 1868.