4th Amendment Rule In Illinois
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The Constitution, through the Fourth Amendment, protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. The Fourth Amendment, however, is not a guarantee against all searches and seizures, but only those that are deemed unreasonable under the law.
Both the fourth amendment of the United States Constitution and article I, section 6, of the Illinois Constitution of 1970 protect individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures. U.S. Const., amend. IV; Ill.
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things ...
What constitutes an illegal search and seizure? Generally, a search or seizure is illegal under the Fourth Amendment if it occurs without consent, a warrant, or probable cause to believe a crime has been committed. However, there are several exceptions to the warrant requirement.
To claim a violation of Fourth Amendment rights as the basis for suppressing relevant evidence, courts have long required that the claimant must prove that they were the victim of an invasion of privacy to have a valid standing.
Riley made clear that cell phones, or what the Court called “minicomputers,” are sui generis for Fourth Amendment purposes.
United States, 362 U.S. 257, 261 (1960). That is, the movant must show that he was “a victim of search or seizure, one against whom the search was directed, as distinguished from one who claims prejudice only through the use of evidence gathered as a consequence of search or seizure directed at someone else.” Id.
In a so-called Terry stop, officers may engage with members of the public and physically search their person while in a public location without yet having any reason to arrest them.
The Constitution, through the Fourth Amendment, protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. The Fourth Amendment, however, is not a guarantee against all searches and seizures, but only those that are deemed unreasonable under the law.
So, yes, in California, when it comes to suppression of evidence in search and seizure, criminal defendants are limited to what the Fourth Amendment provides.
