4th Amendment In Schools In Chicago
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In New Jersey v. T.L.O., the Supreme Court set the test to determine if a school official's search of a student is reasonable under the Fourth Amendment. It creates a lower standard than the one required for law enforcement. First, the search must be justified at its inception.
Decision: In 1985, the Supreme Court, by a 6-3 margin, ruled that New Jersey and the school had met a "reasonableness" standard for conducting such searches at school.
—In New Jersey v. T. L. O., 349 the Court set forth the principles governing searches by public school authorities.
The Fourth Amendment applies to searches conducted by public school officials because “school officials act as representatives of the State, not merely as surrogates for the parents.” 350 However, “the school setting requires some easing of the restrictions to which searches by public authorities are ordinarily subject ...
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things ...
The broad authority of school administrators over student behavior, school safety, and the learning environment requires that school officials have the power to stop a minor student in order to ask questions or conduct an investigation, even in the absence of reasonable suspicion, so long as such authority is not ...
' Consistent with Barnette, a public school student clearly does not forfeit the protection of the fifth amendment merely because he or she enters a public school; 0 the more difficult issue concerns how to apply the privilege against self-incrimination to students accused of wrongdoing in the public schools.
The Constitution, through the Fourth Amendment, protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. The Fourth Amendment, however, is not a guarantee against all searches and seizures, but only those that are deemed unreasonable under the law.
26 In acknowledging the importance of the Fourth Amendment exclusionary rule in deterring illegal search and seizures of juveniles, the courts have concluded that a child who encounters an officer on the street has a legitimate expectation of privacy in his person and property.
