No - if you signed the bond it doesn't matter whether you have a job or not - or whether the bondsman asked you if you did. You are liable as surety on the bond - having a job or not has nothing to do with your liability. Sorry.
Yes! In California, bonds can be posted twenty-four hours a day, seven days per week. But whether you can bail someone out of jail at any time depends on their situation. When someone is arrested, they have a first appearance soon after.
If there are no other reasons, then my recommendation would be for you to ask his attorney to submit a Writ of Habeas Corpus to the court. This writ is a petition to the court that basically demands that they bring your boyfriend to court and allow him to have a bond assigned to him, as it's his legal right.
It is rather a way of securing a defendant's agreement to abide by certain conditions and return to court. In that sense, bail is like collateral left with the court to ensure that, after the defendant's release from jail, he or she will return for the remaining parts of the criminal case.
When you work with a bail bondsman, you can remain anonymous if you wish. The only people who will know your name are the bail agent and the court. Your name will not appear on any public records associated with the case.
Once bail has been set, the defendant or a third party can post the bail to secure the defendant's release from custody. If the defendant cannot afford to post bail, they may seek the assistance of a bail bondsman.