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A Maryland easement can be created (1) by express grant, (2) by reservation in a conveyance of land, or (3) by implication. A Maryland easement by implication can be created in many different ways, including by necessity. When a Maryland easement is granted by deed it is is an express easement.
The legal burden of proof A party claiming a prescriptive right has to prove not only long user, i.e. that the right has been exercised for 20 years or more, but also that the use has been as of right. As of right means, in Latin, nec vi, nec clam, nec precario.
The use must be one capable of existing as an easement (such as a right of way or a right to use pipes, drains etc). The use must have been exercised without force, secrecy and without permission. The use must have been exercised continuously and without any interruption for at least 20 years.
While a prescriptive easement over registered land does not need to be completed by registration to take effect at law, there are advantages to registration, which include the notification of third parties of the easement where its existence is not obvious on an inspection of the land.
In California, a user of land may establish a prescriptive easement by proving that his or her use of another's land was: (1) continuous and uninterrupted for five years; (2) open and notorious; and (3) hostile.