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A diffraction grating is an optical element that divides(disperses) light composed of lots of different wavelengths(e.g., white light) into light components by wavelength. ... When white light enters the grating, the light components are diffracted at angles that are determined by the respective wavelengths(diffraction).

The formula for diffraction grating: Obviously, d = 1 N \\frac {1} { N } N1, where N is the grating constant, and it is the number of lines per unit length. Also, n is the order of grating, which is a positive integer, representing the repetition of the spectrum.

A diffraction grating is an optical element, which separates (disperses) polychromatic light into its constituent wavelengths (colors). The polychromatic light incident on the grating is dispersed so that each wavelength is reflected from the grating at a slightly different angle.

There are typically two different types of diffraction grating the ruled grating and the holographic grating. A ruled diffraction grating is produced by a ruling engine that cuts grooves into the coating on the grating substrate (typically glass coated with a thin reflective layer) using a diamond tipped tool.

The two types of diffraction are Fresnel diffraction and Fraunhofer diffraction.

With a transmission type diffraction grating, light waves are diffracted as they pass through a series of equally spaced narrow openings. (A similar effect takes place if light is reflected from a reflecting grating.)

The principal maximums (Maxima) occur on both sides of the central maximum at points (or angles) for which a formula similar to Young s holds true. D = the distance from the grating to the screen. The diffraction grating formula for the principal maxima is: d sin ( m) = m where m = 1, 2, 3, ...

The number of slits per metre on the grating, N = 1/ d where d is the grating spacing. For a given order and wavelength, the smaller the value of d, the greater the angle of diffraction. In other words, the larger the number of slits per metre, the bigger the angle of diffraction.

A diffraction grating is able to disperse a beam of various wavelengths into a spectrum of associated lines because of the principle of diffraction: in any particular direction, only those waves of a given wavelength will be conserved, all the rest being destroyed because of interference with one another.