Get Egyptian Propolis 1- Antimicrobial Activity And Chemical

Propolis contain natural mixtures of different secondary metabolites that are responsible for various bioactivity such as antibacterial, anti-angiogenic, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-viral activities [3].

This antibacterial behaviour goes further than inhibiting the spread of bacteria within a hive. When tested against various kinds of common bacteria, propolis has been repeatedly shown to be an effective treatment. When bacteria begin multiplying in the body they create an outer layer called biofilm.

In fact, an ethanolic extract of propolis known as kaempferide, is used in the treatment of S. aureus skin infections. Also, kaempferide was highly effective against Enterococcus Faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus Saprophyticus (Hernández Tasco et al., 2018, Kharsany et al., 2019).

Even though propolis has a different chemical composition, it has similar activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antioxidant [7,8,9,10].

This diversity of the chemical composition gives propolis an additional advantage as an antibacterial agent. The combination of many active ingredients and their presence in various proportions prevents the bacterial resistance from occurring [33].

Propolis is one of the significant sources of bioactive diterpenes [30,37,75]. Diterpenes are well known for their bioactive effects such as anticancer, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory.

Propolis, as a material composed to a large extent of plants secretions, is a rich source of cinnamic acid and esters. Many studies documented the antimicrobial activity of cinnamic acid against Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp., E.

2 Propolis: A Natural Antibiotic Moreover, propolis extracts were also reported to enhance the efficacy of other antimicrobial drugs synthetically in numerous studies (Orsi et al. 2006; Stepanović et al. 2003).

The main mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of propolis include: (1) the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) and consequent inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis, (2) free radical scavenging as discussed below; (3) inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis; (4) reduction in the concentration of ...