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Leopold's (Maxim) or Fundamental Principle for Land Ethics: "A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community; it is wrong when it tends otherwise."

Through the combination of ethics and ecology thought, he puts forward the ecological evolutionary thought of human ethical relationship, and holds that the orderly evolution of human ethics can be divided into three stages, including the initial ethical stage of the relationship between human beings, the ethical stage ...

I examine “The Land Ethic” by Aldo Leopold from a virtue ethics perspective. Following Leopold, I posit the “good” as the “integrity, stability, and beauty” of biotic communities and then develop “land virtues” that foster this good. I recommend and defend three land virtues: respect, prudence, and practical judgment.

Libertarian-based land ethic A well-known libertarian theorist is John Hospers. For right-libertarians, property rights are natural rights. Thus, it would be acceptable for the above farmer to plant on a slope as long as this action does not limit the freedom of his or her neighbors.

At its core, the land ethics claims (1) that humans should view themselves as plain members and citizens of biotic communities, not as "conquerors" of the land; (2) that we should extend ethical consideration to ecological wholes ("soils, waters, plants, and animals"), (3) that our primary ethical concern should not be ...

Published in 1949 as the finale to A Sand County Almanac, Aldo Leopold's “Land Ethic” essay is a call for moral responsibility to the natural world. At its core, the idea of a land ethic is simply caring: about people, about land, and about strengthening the relationships between them.

Perhaps the most serious obstacle impeding the evolu- tion of a land ethic is the fact that our educational and eco- nomic system is headed away from, rather than toward, an intense consciousness of land.

The five land ethics are: Ecological-based, focusing more on the natural order being key; Economical-based, focusing more on human industry; Egalitarian-based, focusing on equal access to all portions of the land; Libertarian-based, focusing on individual freedoms with the land; and Utilitarian-based, focusing on the ...