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The biological element or bioelement interacts with the analyte being tested and the biological response is converted into an electrical signal by the transducer. Every biosensor has a biological component that acts as the sensor and an electronic component that detects and transmits the signal.

Biosensors' applications are for screening infectious to early detection, chronic disease treatment, health management, and well-being surveillance. Improved biosensors technology qualities allow the ability to detect disease and track the body's response to care.

Commonly used biosensing elements are of two types, namely, catalytic type and affinity type. The catalytic sensors include enzymes, microbes, organelles, cells, or tissues. The affinity type sensors are antibodies, receptors, and nucleic acids [15].

Biosensor Applications General healthcare monitoring. Screening for disease. Clinical analysis and diagnosis of disease. Veterinary and agricultural applications. Industrial processing and monitoring. Environmental pollution control.

Biosensors are operated based on the principle of signal transduction. These components include a bio-recognition element, a biotransducer and an electronic system composed of a display, processor and amplifier. The bio-recognition element, essentially a bioreceptor, is allowed to interact with a specific analyte.

The sensing principle of the enzyme-based biosensor is to detect the presence of certain analytes by measuring changes such as: proton concentration (H+), the release or uptake of gases (i.e., CO2, NH3, O2, etc.), light emission, absorption or reflectance, heat emission, and so forth, which occurs during substrate ...

Biosensor is a device that consists of two main parts: A bioreceptor and a transducer. Bioreceptor is a biological component that recognizes the target analyte and transducer is a physicochemical detector component that converts the recognition event into a measurable signal.