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A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an OS that guarantees real-time applications a certain capability within a specified deadline. RTOSes are designed for critical systems and for devices like microcontrollers that are timing-specific. RTOS processing time requirements are measured in milliseconds.

There are three types of RTOS: 1) Hard RTOS, 2) Soft RTOS, and 3) Firm RTOS. Important components of RTOS are Scheduler, Communication Mechanism, Critical Region Mechanisms, Timing Services, Power Management, and Memory Management. Performance is the most important factor in RTOS.

▪ An RTOS is software that manages the time and resources of a CPU. ▪ Application is split into multiple tasks. ▪ The RTOS's job is to run the most important task that is ready-to-run. ▪ On a single CPU, only one task executes at any given time.

Hard Real Time OS A Hard RTOS is a system which meets the deadline for every process at all times. For example, if the task deadline is 1:20:30PM, then the task has to complete before 1:20:30PM every time.

FreeRTOS is a real-time kernel created for microcontrollers and small microprocessors. What that means is that FreeRTOS allows devices with a small memory and single processing core to perform multi-tasking operation (mainly through a process known as time-slicing).

An RTOS is an operating system designed to manage hardware resources of an embedded system; it creates multiple threads of software execution and a scheduler for managing these threads. Another way to put it is a scheduling kernel that creates a multi-tasking and deterministic run-time environment.

FreeRTOS is a class of RTOS that is designed to be small enough to run on a microcontroller - although its use is not limited to microcontroller applications.