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Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a multivariate statistical framework that is used to model complex relationships between directly and indirectly observed (latent) variables.

First Steps in Structural Equation Modeling: Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is the fundamental first step in running most types of SEM models. You want to do this first to verify the measurement quality of any and all latent constructs you're using in your structural equation model.

There are five logical steps in SEM: model specification, identification, parameter estimation, model evaluation, and model modification (Kline 2010; Hoyle 2011; Byrne 2013). Model specification defines the hypothesized relationships among the variables in an SEM based on one's knowledge.

Structural equation modelling consists of six basic steps: model specification; identification; estimation; evaluation of model fit; model modification; and reporting of results. Conducting SEM analyses requires certain data considerations as data-related problems are often the reason for software failures.

Structural equation modeling is a multivariate statistical analysis technique that is used to analyze structural relationships. This technique is the combination of factor analysis and multiple regression analysis, and it is used to analyze the structural relationship between measured variables and latent constructs.

SEM involves a model representing how various aspects of some phenomenon are thought to causally connect to one another. Structural equation models often contain postulated causal connections among some latent variables (variables thought to exist but which can't be directly observed).

A Structural Equation Model often follows some general practices: Latent variables are denoted by a circle. Measured variables are denoted by a square. Relationships are denoted by arrows. Variances and residuals are denoted by arrows from a variable to itself.

Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a modeling framework that encompasses many types of statistical models and can accommodate a variety of estimation and testing methods.