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A blinded manuscript without any author names and affiliations. Self-identifying citations and references in the article text should be avoided.

Information that could help identify any author (e.g., mention of any affiliation) should also be removed (e.g., "blinded for review" may be inserted in place of removed text). Citations and references should be blinded using "Author" and "citation blinded for review" realphabetized in the reference list.

Do not include any names in any file names and ensure document properties are also anonymised. Do not include any author names or institution information in the Acknowledgements section of your manuscript. Author names and Funding information should be removed and can be re-added later in the peer review process.

To maintain this anonymity, authors will need to remove any details that may reveal their identity from their manuscript, before it is reviewed. Details that are important to a manuscript but might compromise the author's anonymity will generally be submitted in a title page, as a separate file to the manuscript.

In the footnotes, references to anonymous or unattributed works should simply omit the author's name and begin with the work's title. References to anonymous or unattributed works should use a double em-dash '??' in place of the author's name in the Bibliography.

Do not include any names in any file names and ensure document properties are also anonymised. Do not include any author names or institution information in the Acknowledgements section of your manuscript. Author names and Funding information should be removed and can be re-added later in the peer review process.

Publishing in PNAS is not an easy job even if you think your work is good enough. In general Science publishes strikingly novel work while Nature usually publishes extensive work. PNAS papers are not that remarkably novel but some of them present interesting and new ways of analysis.