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Again, Full Attestation, or an A rating, means that carriers: Are responsible for originating calls. Have pre-existing relationships with the caller and can identify and authenticate the caller. Can verify the association between the caller and the number dialed from.

STIR/SHAKEN are acronyms for the Secure Telephone Identity Revisited (STIR) and Signature-based Handling of Asserted Information Using s (SHAKEN) standards. They're technical frameworks that measure trust in the displayed caller name and number by authenticating the calling number.

Full Attestation (A) - The identity of the caller is known, and they have the right to use the Caller ID for this call. Partial Attestation (B) - The originator knows the identity of the caller, but cannot confirm their right to use the Caller ID.

Gateway Attestation (C) ? The service provider has authenticated from where it received the call, but cannot authenticate the call source. An example of this case would be a call received from an international gateway.

The STIR system relies on a chain of trust. For this to work, the system requires certification services that are well known so end-user software knows whom to query to retrieve the public key, and are trusted to provide valid information and not provide keys to known-bad players.

Attestation is a crucial part of the STIR/SHAKEN process and includes three categories to determine essential information about the caller by evaluating the ?attestation? level of each call. These attestation levels distinguish a caller's validity to use a specific number.

Essentially, the attestation levels are designed to protect the integrity of the telecom networks and provide a way to signal confidence levels to other carriers that the calls can be trusted, and at what level.

There are three SHAKEN attestation levels, A, B, and C This simply means that the call has been routed through a gateway that is STIR-SHAKEN compliant. Calls with this level of attestation are most likely to be blocked or tagged as spam.

"Gateway Attestation", "C", indicates the call can only be verified as coming from a known gateway, for instance, a connection to another service provider.