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May be used in Chicago footnotes or endnotes. Write ?Ibid.? alone when you are citing the same page number and source as the previous citation. When you are citing the same source, but a different page number, use ibid. followed by a comma and the relevant page number(s)....For example: Ibid. Ibid., 36. Ibid., 40?42.

The first way of doing a repeated reference is when the footnotes are next to each other. For this, you use ibid (a Latin word, meaning 'in the same place'). You should never capitalize or italicize ibid. In the example below, I have referenced a book by Raz in footnote 28.

Footnote Citations The first time you cite a website, you should give full source information in the footnote: Author Name(s), 'Title of Page', Publishing Organisation or Name of Website, publication date, URL.

Footnote For two or three authors, list each of the authors in the order presented on the title page of the book. For more than three authors, list the first author's name followed by ?and others? or ?et al.?: x.

List by last names and initials; commas separate author names. After the first 19 authors' names, use an ellipsis in place of the remaining author names. Then, end with the final author's name (do not place an ampersand before it). There should be no more than twenty names in the citation in total.

If you refer to the same source as in the immediately preceding footnote but to a different page or section, use 'ibid' followed by the pinpoint reference, that is, the different page or section number. Use 'n' to refer to a source that has been cited in a previous footnote other than the immediately preceding one.

If you consecutively cite the same source two or more times in a note (complete or shortened), you may use the word ?Ibid? instead. Ibid is short for the Latin ibidem, which means ?in the same place?. If you're referencing the same source but different page, follow 'Ibid' with a comma and the new page number(s). 1.