Complete Age Charter For Free

* (63) IT IS INGLY OUR WISH AND COMMAND that the English Church shall be free, and that men in our kingdom shall have and keep all these liberties, rights, and concessions, well and peaceably in their fullness and entirety for them and their heirs, of us and our heirs, in all things and all places for ever.

"No freeman shall be taken, imprisoned, disseised, outlawed, banished, or in any way destroyed, nor will We proceed against or prosecute him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land." "To no one will We sell, to no one will We deny or delay, right or justice."

However, Clause 63 would not have affected ordinary citizens directly. It was more concerned with limiting the power of the king and his supporters. The Magna Carta was primarily concerned with protecting the rights of the barons and other wealthy landowners, rather than ordinary people.

39. No freeman shall be taken, or imprisoned, or disseized, or outlawed, or exiled, or in any way harmed--nor will we go upon or send upon him--save by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land. * 40. To none will we sell, to none deny or delay, right or justice.

"Clause 12 represented a determined attempt by the barons to establish control over two of the most important of King John's methods of taxation, by insisting that they were only to be taken with their own consent, since they claimed the right to speak for the kingdom at large.

And the city of London is to have all its ancient liberties and free customs, both on land and water. Moreover we wish and grant that all other cities, boroughs, towns and ports are to have all their liberties and free customs.

Nothing is to be given or taken in future for a writ for an inquest concerning life or members, but it is to be given without payment and not denied.

Equal Rights: The Most Important Section of the Charter.

Section 24(1) provides remedies against unconstitutional government action; section 24(2) provides for the exclusion of evidence obtained in violation of the Charter; and section 52(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982 provides that a law that is inconsistent with the Constitution is, to the extent of the inconsistency, of

Oakes test There must be a pressing and substantial objective. The means must be proportional. The means must be rationally connected to the objective. There must be minimal impairment of rights. There must be proportionality between the infringement and objective.