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According the SQL Server Books Online, the characters included in range searches depend on the sorting rules of the collation. Collation Latin1GeneralCSAS uses dictionary order so both upper and lower case characters of the specified range are included.

SQL Server collation refers to a set of character and character encoding rules, and influences how information is stored according to the order in the data page, how data is matched by comparing two columns, and how information is arranged in the T-SQL query statement.

SQL Server installation configuration sets the default collation for the created instance (Latin1GeneralCIAI). New databases will be configured with the default collation of the SQL Server. Users can change the collation settings at the database level but not at the SQL Server level.

Default server-level collation is SQLLatin1GeneralCP1CIAS.

Codepage Specifies a one- to four-digit number that identifies the code page used by the collation. CP1 specifies code page 1252, for all other code pages the complete code page number is specified. For example, CP1251 specifies code page 1251 and CP850 specifies code page 850.

In database systems, Collation specifies how data is sorted and compared in a database. Collation provides the sorting rules, case, and accent sensitivity properties for the data in the database.

MSDN states COLLATE DATABASEDEFAULT clause casts the collation of an expression, column definition, or database definition to inherit the collation of the "current database". To complement MSDN, the "current database" is the context of the database where the query is executed.

The collate clause is used for case sensitive and case insensitive searches in the columns of the SQL server. There are two types of collate clause present: SQLLatin1GeneralCP1CSAS for case sensitive. SQLLatin1GeneralCP1CIAS for case insensitive.

The SQLLatin1GeneralCP1CIAS collation is a SQL collation and the rules around sorting data for unicode and non-unicode data are different. The Latin1GeneralCIAS collation is a Windows collation and the rules around sorting unicode and non-unicode data are the same.

Common collation names either end in BIN or CIAS such as Latin1GeneralBIN or SQLLatin1GeneralCIAS. The BIN means that this is a binary sort order where strings will be sorted using a computer binary order, the result is that A-Z are before a-z and things like accented characters will be at the end.