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Differential Foundation Settlement Differential settlement is a condition wherein a building's foundation settles unevenly, often leading to structural damage. Consequentially, the frame of the building may become distorted, floors may slope, and windows and doors may become stuck.

Settlement is simply caused by soil displacement due to shifting. Most soil, especially top layers of soil that are still in the active zone, are very susceptible to movement. Soil is not static. This shifting soil creates air pockets beneath your foundation, displacing the weight of your house.

The industry standard is 1 inch of differential settlement in 20 feet. Anything greater than this can be considered too much.

Differential settlement can cause cracks in a structure's foundation and interior walls, as well as uneven settling of doors and windows. Other signs of differential settlement include tilting chimneys, exterior stairs that tilt or sink, bulging walls, leaking through openings and sunken slabs.

The settlement can be calculated by knowing the size of the dike, total load on the soil due to weight of the dike and the soil properties such as elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, compression index, recompression index, secondary compression index, effective preconsolidation stress, coefficient of consolidation and

Consolidation settlement is time dependent natural process of fully saturated soil due to expulsion of water from the voids and compaction is instantaneous artificial process of partially saturated soil due to expulsion of air from voids.

Generally the settlements of shallow foundations such as pad or strip footings are limited to 25 mm (Terzaghi, 1996). Recent studies on (especially small scale) shallow foundations have shown that allowable bearing capacity occur at settlement of between 5 to 10 % of foundation width.

How much foundation settlement is too much? The industry standard is 1 inch of differential settlement in 20 feet. Anything greater than this can be considered too much.

Worked Example Calculation of Settlement of Shallow Foundations at the CenterData. Dimensions of foundation 1.5m x 2m.A1 = 0.934. A2 = m' / n' (m'2 +n'2 + 1)0.5 F1 = (1/03c0)A0 + A1 = (1/03c0)0.760 + 0.934 = 0.539. F2 = (n'/203c0) tan-1A2If = 0.755. Foundation Settlement.

Worked Example Calculation of Settlement of Shallow Foundations at the CenterData. Dimensions of foundation 1.5m x 2m.A1 = 0.934. A2 = m' / n' (m'2 +n'2 + 1)0.5 F1 = (1/03c0)A0 + A1 = (1/03c0)0.760 + 0.934 = 0.539. F2 = (n'/203c0) tan-1A2If = 0.755. Foundation Settlement.