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C corporations are required to file returns and pay income tax on its profits, or taxable income. This requirement to file a tax return which is done on Form 1120 isn't contingent on whether the business engages in transactions during the year that earns money for shareholders.

Form 1120 is akin to Form 1040 for an individual taxpayer. A C corporation must file Form 1120 whether it has income to report or not. According to the Internal Revenue Service, a corporation must file its income tax return by the 15th day of the third month after the end of its tax year.

Failing to File When you fail to file a Form 1120 by the deadline, the corporation is charged a monthly penalty that's equal to 5 percent of any income tax that remains unpaid.

Filing Requirement The instructions for Internal Revenue Service Form 1120, the standard tax return for corporations, are quite clear: All corporations based in the United States "must file an income tax return whether or not they have taxable income."

An S corporation must always file its annual tax return by the 15th day of the third month following the end of the tax year, generally March 15. The business is responsible for reporting all financial activity on Form 1120S and attaching a Schedule K-1 for each shareholder.

Unless exempt under section 501, all domestic corporations (including corporations in bankruptcy) must file an income tax return whether or not they have taxable income. Domestic corporations must file Form 1120, unless they are required, or elect to file a special return.

The IRS's instructions for Form 1120, the standard corporate income tax return, stipulate that the return must be signed by an officer of the company. The instructions list several acceptable potential signers: the president, the vice president, the treasurer, the assistant treasurer, or the chief accounting officer.

0:13 2:20 Suggested clip Learn How to Fill the Form 1120 US Corporation Income Tax ReturnYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clip Learn How to Fill the Form 1120 US Corporation Income Tax Return

Form 1120 (officially the "U.S Corporate Income Tax Return") is one of the IRS tax forms used by corporations (specifically, C corporations) in the United States to report their income, gains, losses, deductions, credits and to figure out their tax liability.