Get IL RA 17.8 2007-2024

IL-17E is produced by many cell types: including epithelial cells, endothelial cells and several immune cells, such as T cells, macrophages, type-2 myeloid cells, DC, eosinophils and ILC2s (109, 110).

IL-18 is a novel cytokine with pleiotropic activities critical to the development of T-helper 1 (Th1) responses. We detected IL-18 mRNA and protein within rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissues in significantly higher levels than in osteoarthritis controls.

IL-17 promotes recruitment of both neutrophils and monocytes by means of inducing various chemokines (37), which can in turn mediate inflammation in RA. However, studies have been reported suggesting that Th1 cells may be more important than Th17 cells (39).

Elevated Interleukin-18 Levels Are Associated With the Metabolic Syndrome Independent of Obesity and Resistance | Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology.

IL-18 is spontaneously released from RA synovial cells and OA chondrocytes and seems to participate in the development of the inflammatory and destructive alterations of joints via induction of TNF-alpha, a potent effector molecule. TNF-alpha, in turn, increases IL-18 expression in RA synovial cells.

IL-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that induces IFN-γ production and has a variety of other functions, including the enhancement of NK cell activity and up-regulation of FasL expression. IL-18 appears to regulate inflammation at multiple checkpoints.

IL-17A promotes inflammation by inducing various proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, recruiting neutrophils, enhancing antibody production, and activating T cells. IL-17A expression is also augmented in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

IL-18 is produced by both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, including monocytes, macrophages, keratinocytes and mesenchymal cell. IL-18 could potentially induce inflammatory and cytotoxic immune cell activities leading to autoimmunity.