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Soil is a major source of nutrients needed by plants for growth. The three main nutrients are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Together they make up the trio known as NPK. Other important nutrients are calcium, magnesium and sulfur.

Classification of Plant Nutrients: These are: C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S. These are also classified into two groups: (i) Primary Nutrients: N, P and K are required by the plants comparatively in very large amounts. Hence, these elements are called primary or main nutrient elements.

The 17 essential nutrients are hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, chloride, iron, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum and nickel. Some of these nutrients are supplied by soil, water and air – while others need to be supplemented with the use of fertilizer.

They are divided into macronutrients and micronutrients. The macronutrients plants require are carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. Important micronutrients include iron, manganese, boron, molybdenum, copper, zinc, chlorine, nickel, cobalt, silicon and sodium.

C, O, H, N, P and S are the plant nutrients which take part in the synthesis of protein and then protoplasm. Hence, these elements help in the structure of proteins of plant tissues. The functions of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen may be described as follows: Functions of carbon: 1.

Processes Plants take up essential elements from the soil through their roots and from the air through their leaves. ... The root, especially the root hair, a unique cell, is the essential organ for the uptake of nutrients. ... Many plants engage in symbiosis with microorganisms.

Plant nutrients are the chemical elements that are essential to the nourishment of plant health. Plant nutrients fall into three categories, all of which are based on the amount a plant needs, not the importance of the individual elements. Each plant nutrient performs a crucial role in plant growth and development.

Plant nutrition is the study of the chemical elements and compounds necessary for plant growth and reproduction, plant metabolism and their external supply. In its absence the plant is unable to complete a normal life cycle, or that the element is part of some essential plant constituent or metabolite.

Photosynthesis: The plants produce their own food by a process called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize food from carbon dioxide and water. Chlorophyll present in the chloroplast as a green pigment can trap the solar energy.