Get Investigating Organic Functional Groups Sp11.docx - Apsu

Functional groups in A-Level Chemistry are specific groups of atoms within an organic compound that are responsible for its chemical properties and reactivity. Common functional groups include alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and amines.

In organic chemistry, the most common functional groups are carbonyls (C=O. ), alcohols (-OH ), carboxylic acids (CO2H CO 2 H ), esters (CO2R CO 2 R ), and amines (NH2 ).

Functional groups will have different prefixes from their suffixes to distinguish them within the name. For example the amine functional group will use "-amine" as the suffix is it the highest priority group, but use the "amino-" prefix if it is the lower priority group as is a substituent.

3.1: Functional Groups Aldehydes and Ketones. Carboxylic acids and acid derivatives. Nitriles and Imines. Phosphates.

SImple heteroatomic functional groups contain atoms other than carbon and hydrogen. By far, the most common examples are alcohols, amines and ethers. Alcohols are organic compounds containing simple OH groups. Amines contain singly-bonded nitrogen atoms; the nitrogen may be connected to either carbon or hydrogen.

Functional groups A functional group is defined as a particular group of atoms which are responsible for how the molecule reacts. Functional groups include double carbon bonds (C=C) , alcohol groups (-OH), carboxylic acid groups (-COOH) and esters (-COO) which are drawn below.

Groups containing oxygen Chemical classGroupFormula Orthoester Orthoester RC(OR')(OR")(OR‴) Heterocycle (if cyclic) Methylenedioxy (–OCH2O–) Orthocarbonate ester Orthocarbonate ester C(OR)(OR')(OR")(OR‴) Organic acid anhydride Carboxylic anhydride R1(CO)O(CO)R215 more rows

The 7 major functional groups are: hydroxyl (such as alcohols, ROH), methyl (carbon-carbon bonds), carbonyl (carbon-oxygen double bonds), carboxyl (a combination of a carbonyl and hydroxyl group), amino (carbon-nitrogen bonds), phosphate (carbon, phosphate bonds), and sulfhydryl (carbon-sulfur bonds).

Common examples of functional groups are alcohols, alkenes, alkynes, amines, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and ethers, among others.