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The Evidence Base For Shaken Baby Syndrome - New England ...
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19 20 BMJ VOLUME 328 T he phrase shaken baby syndrome evokes a powerful image of abuse, in which a carer shakes a child sufficiently hard to produce whiplash forces that result in subdural and retinal bleeding. The theory of shaken baby syndrome rests on core assumptions: shaking is always intentional and violent; the injury an infant receives from shaking is invariably severe; and subdural and retinal bleeding is the result of criminal abuse, unless proved otherwise.1 These beliefs a.
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DC1maxtoshowHITS10 FAQ
To tell whether a baby has been injured or killed by being shaken, the courts use three hallmark symptoms: bleeding and swelling in the brain and retinal bleeding in the eyes.
There may not be any physical signs of injury, such as bruising, bleeding, or swelling. In some cases, the condition can be difficult to diagnose and may not be found during an office visit.
Most known shaken baby perpetrators are male- either the baby's father or the mother's boyfriend/husband. In some cases, a babysitter or the baby's mother is responsible for the shaking.
When someone shakes a baby or young child violently, shaken baby syndrome can occur. Hitting the child on the head, throwing them and dropping them on purpose can also cause the condition. Shaking or hitting a child can cause their brain to shake back and forth inside their skull.
Symptoms and Signs They may appear immediately after the shaking and usually reach a peak within 4-6 hours. The following signs and symptoms may indicate shaken baby syndrome: Altered level of consciousness. Drowsiness accompanied by irritability.
Shaking injuries require massive, violent force. One shake is all it takes to cause traumatic brain injuries in an infant.
Shaken baby syndrome usually occurs when a parent or caregiver severely shakes a baby or toddler due to frustration or anger — often because the child won't stop crying. Shaken baby syndrome isn't usually caused by bouncing a child on your knee or minor falls.
Episodes of Crying Inconsolable or excessive crying is the most common trigger for shaking a baby. Episodes of crying typically increase in the first month after birth, peak in the second month, and decrease thereafter (Parks et al., 2012).
Doctors can use imaging tests like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) to diagnose the disorder. Treatment must be given quickly and some children may need surgery to stop bleeding in the body or machines to help them breathe.
Shaken baby syndrome usually occurs when a parent or caregiver severely shakes a baby or toddler due to frustration or anger — often because the child won't stop crying. Shaken baby syndrome isn't usually caused by bouncing a child on your knee or minor falls.
It is estimated that 1,000-3,000 children in the United States suffer from SBS each year. One fourth of victims of SBS die, and 80 percent of survivors suffer from permanent damage. In the United States, the costs of hospitalization and continuing care for SBS victims can total 1.2 to 16 billion dollars each year.
An American radiologist, John Caffey, coined the name whiplash shaken infant syndrome in 1974. It was, however, a British neurosurgeon, Guthkelch who first described shaking as the cause of subdural haemorrhage in infants. Impact was later thought to play a major part in the causation of brain damage.
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