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Clays are minerals categorized under the clastic sedimentary rocks. Clay is a naturally occurring material composed of layered structures of fine-grained minerals which exhibit the property of plasticity at appropriate water content but becomes permanently hard when fired [1].

These properties include: cation exchange capabilities, plastic behaviour when wet, catalytic abilities, swelling behaviour, and low permeability. They give to clay and clay-based minerals higher application in many industries and processes.

Clay is a very fine-grained geologic material that develops plasticity when wet, but becomes hard, brittle and non–plastic upon drying or firing. It is a very common material, and is the oldest known ceramic.

IMPACT FACTOR, 2022 = 2.2 Access Clays and Clay Minerals online: For information about access to our journal, please read our Online Access page. About Clays and Clay Minerals The Clay Minerals Society https://.clays.org › claysandclayminerals The Clay Minerals Society https://.clays.org › claysandclayminerals

If there is only one tetrahedral and one octahedral group in each layer the clay is known as a 1:1 clay. The alternative, known as a 2:1 clay, has two tetrahedral sheets with the unshared vertex of each sheet pointing towards each other and forming each side of the octahedral sheet. Clay mineral - Wikipedia wikipedia.org https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Clay_mineral wikipedia.org https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Clay_mineral

Specific gravity of most clay minerals are within the range from 2 to 3.3. Their hardness generally falls below 2.5. Refractive indices of clay minerals generally fall within a relatively narrow range from 1.47 to 1.68. Generally the size and shape, the two properties, are determined by electron micrographs. Physical Properties of Clay and Soil Mechanics | SpringerLink springer.com https://link.springer.com › chapter springer.com https://link.springer.com › chapter

Clay is natural, fine-grained (<2 or <4 μm), mainly constituted of phyllosilicates, plastic (except flint clays ), and hardens on drying or firing. On the other hand, clay mineral is natural or synthetic, without size criterion, might include nonphyllosilicates, plastic, and hardens on drying or firing. Clay and Clay Mineral Definition | SpringerLink springer.com https://link.springer.com › chapter springer.com https://link.springer.com › chapter

The chemical weathering of aluminum silicate such as feldspar results in formation of a soft, usually white, earthy mineral (dioctahedral phyllosilicate clay) The dickite and nacrite are rare forms of kaolinite which are chemically similar to kaolinite but amorphous in nature.