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A moderate repetition scheme with moderate loads (from 8 to 12 repetitions per set with 60% to 80% of 1RM) optimizes hypertrophic gains. A high repetition scheme with light loads (15+ repetitions per set with loads below 60% of 1RM) optimizes local muscular endurance improvements.

What is Strength? The definition of strength is the ability to exert force (measured in Newtons) in order to overcome the resistance. The formula for force says force is equal to mass (m) multiplied by acceleration (a).

It turns out that 8-12 reps is actually good advice. It sits in the Goldilocks Zone of reps and loading, it's time efficient in that it can maximize the number of tough reps per set, it's energy efficient in that it doesn't require too many reps to stimulate hypertrophy, or involve loads that are unnecessarily heavy.

First of all there is no perfect rep range for muscle growth, but anything from 7–14 reps will have a very similar effect. You can get exactly the same amount of growth from sets of 8 as from sets of 12 on just about any exercise, and there is a mountain of research to back this up.

Rep Schemes 5-8 Reps is used for what is known as functional hypertrophy. This is for people who are looking to gain some size, strength and speed, without too much muscular building. Here we get equal amount of strength and muscle gains. 8-12 Reps is more you're traditional hypertrophy or muscle building.

If your objective is strength or power (think: heavy lifting), the textbook advice is to perform 3 to 5 sets of 2 to 6 reps per exercise. For hypertrophy (building muscle), the sweet spot is 3 to 4 sets of 6 to 12 reps. And if your objective is muscular endurance, shoot for 2 to 3 sets of 12 to 20 reps.

Periodization is one way for the sports physical therapist to approach the design of resistance training programs. Periodization is defined as the planned manipulation of training variables (load, sets, and repetitions) in order to maximize training adaptations and to prevent the onset of overtraining syndrome.