Get Section 12 3 Rna And Protein Synthesis Answer Key

The first step in decoding genetic messages is transcription, during which a nucleotide sequence is copied from DNA to RNA. The next step is to join amino acids together to form a protein. The order in which amino acids are joined together determine the shape, properties, and function of a protein.

Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation. Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in the nucleus. It includes three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.

tRNAs (transfer RNAs) carry amino acids to the ribosome. They act as "bridges," matching a codon in an mRNA with the amino acid it codes for.

Functionally, DNA maintains the protein-encoding information, whereas RNA uses the information to enable the cell to synthesize the particular protein. a. 1 Differences between DNA and RNA Notes: DNA stores the genetic information, where as RNA uses the information to help the cell produces the protein.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules carry the coding sequences for protein synthesis and are called transcripts; ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules form the core of a cell's ribosomes (the structures in which protein synthesis takes place); and transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein ...

​Transfer RNA (tRNA) Transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA) is a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis. Transfer RNA serves as a link (or adaptor) between the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule and the growing chain of amino acids that make up a protein.

Each group of three bases in mRNA constitutes a codon, and each codon specifies a particular amino acid (hence, it is a triplet code). The mRNA sequence is thus used as a template to assemble—in order—the chain of amino acids that form a protein. Figure 2: The amino acids specified by each mRNA codon.

The mRNA sequence is composed of four nucleotides: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and uracil (U). The nucleotides of mRNA are arranged in triplets called codons. Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid. This code replaces the DNA nucleotide thymine with uracil.

Answer and Explanation: The name for a specific 3 nucleotides that codes for a single amino acid is called a codon. Three nucleotides together in the mRNA strand which is subjected to translation codes for a single amino acid.