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  • Chapter 13 - Alternative Oxygen Steelmaking Processes - Jpkc Gsut Edu

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Chapter 13 Alternative Oxygen Steelmaking Processes R. J. Fruehan, Professor, Carnegie Mellon University C. L. Nassaralla, Assistant Professor, Michigan Technological University 13.1 Introduction.

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During the BOS process, around 10 % to 20 % of S in the bath reacts with O2 directly to form SO2 (sulphur di-oxide). The remaining S is removed by the slag – metal reaction S + CaO = CaS + FeO. Removal of S by the slag is assisted by high basicity and low Fe content of the slag.

Oxygen going in the steel during steel making is the source of blow holes and non metallic inclusions (oxides inclusions) which gets entrapped in the cast steel structure. Both blow holes and non metallic inclusions affect the quality of the steel.

Basic oxygen steelmaking is a multistep process that involves the use of pure oxygen to produce steel from molten iron. Also known as oxygen conversion steelmaking, it leverages oxygen to change the carbon ratio of steel. Basic oxygen steelmaking involves blowing pure oxygen into molten pig iron.

EAF steelmaking is a more flexible process, able to scale up and down as the market requires, and is more energy efficient than Blast Oxygen Furnace (BOF) steelmaking. It is a critical technological pathway for decarbonizing steel.

The basic oxygen furnace (BOF) process is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbon-rich hot metal or pig iron, produced by a blast furnace, is made into steel. It was originally developed in the early 1950s in the Austrian cities Linz and Donawitz, which is why it can also be referred to as the LD process.

Oxygen is blown into the molten iron, reducing its carbon content from 4% to <0.5%. Scrap is added to control the temperature. Steel is then tapped from the furnace vessel into a steel ladle ready for casting, and slag is removed. Waste gases containing carbon monoxide are captured and used for power generation.

basic oxygen process (BOP), a steelmaking method in which pure oxygen is blown into a bath of molten blast-furnace iron and scrap. The oxygen initiates a series of intensively exothermic (heat-releasing) reactions, including the oxidation of such impurities as carbon, silicon, phosphorus, and manganese.

EAF process uses 100% steel scrap in general, however, in some plants significant share of direct reduced iron (DRI) is used. Further, solid pig iron is used as “pure” raw material and carbon source in EAFs.

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Form Packages
Adoption
Bankruptcy
Contractors
Divorce
Home Sales
Employment
Identity Theft
Incorporation
Landlord Tenant
Living Trust
Name Change
Personal Planning
Small Business
Wills & Estates
Packages A-Z
Form Categories
Affidavits
Bankruptcy
Bill of Sale
Corporate - LLC
Divorce
Employment
Identity Theft
Internet Technology
Landlord Tenant
Living Wills
Name Change
Power of Attorney
Real Estate
Small Estates
Wills
All Forms
Forms A-Z
Form Library
Customer Service
Terms of Service
Privacy Notice
Legal Hub
Content Takedown Policy
Bug Bounty Program
About Us
Blog
Affiliates
Contact Us
Delete My Account
Site Map
Industries
Forms in Spanish
Localized Forms
State-specific Forms
Forms Kit
Legal Guides
Real Estate Handbook
All Guides
Prepared for You
Notarize
Incorporation services
Our Customers
For Consumers
For Small Business
For Attorneys
Our Sites
US Legal Forms
USLegal
FormsPass
pdfFiller
signNow
airSlate WorkFlow
DocHub
Instapage
Social Media
Call us now toll free:
+1 833 426 79 33
As seen in:
  • USA Today logo picture
  • CBC News logo picture
  • LA Times logo picture
  • The Washington Post logo picture
  • AP logo picture
  • Forbes logo picture
© Copyright 1997-2025
airSlate Legal Forms, Inc.
3720 Flowood Dr, Flowood, Mississippi 39232