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Generations of scholars praised this as evidence of Nietzsche's deep research into Spinoza, but it has become clear that he never read a line of Spinoza in the original: his series of long notes is just a transcription of a set of excerpts which he found in Kuno Fischer's Geschichte der neuern Philosophie.

“By degrading Spinoza to a fainting theoretician of power preservation, Nietzsche wishes to gloss over Spinoza's dangerous proximity to his own “will to power,” a concept he claims as his own original philosophical creation…Under no circumstances does he want to be mistaken for Spinoza.” (Urs Sommer 2012: 173).

As an esoteric moralist, Nietzsche aims at freeing higher human beings from their false consciousness about morality (their false belief that this morality is good for them), not at a transformation of society at large.

ing to Spinoza the Bible was not a book filled with scientific or philosophical knowledge, but was primarily written to teach the masses obedience. In that lies its divinity, the exhortation to obey the command to love one's neighbour.

Spinoza on the Nature of God. As understood by Spinoza, God is the one infinite substance who possesses an infinite number of attributes each expressing an eternal aspect of his/her nature. 3. He believes this is so due to the definition of God being equivalent to that of substance, or that which causes itself.

First, Nietzsche propounds the art and discipline of suffering while simultaneously praising happiness. This is the joy paradox. Second, Nietzsche denounces the wholesale abolition of suffering, but he also seeks to eliminate meaningless suffering. This is the suffering abolition paradox.

He sees in Spinoza an ally against the feverish culture of the West. For example, in speaking about Spinoza and Giordano Bruno, Schopenhauer comments that: They do not belong either to their age or to their part of the globe, which rewarded the one with death, and the other with persecution and ignominy.